A brachial plexus injury occurs when the network of nerves controlling the arm and hand is damaged. This network, known as the brachial plexus, is located at the base of the neck and is responsible for transmitting signals from the spinal cord to the arm. During childbirth, the brachial plexus can be injured, usually due to excessive force or traction applied during delivery.
These injuries can range from mild, temporary conditions to severe, permanent disabilities. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and potential treatments for brachial plexus injury is crucial for parents and caregivers.
If your child has suffered a birth injury, call Shapiro, Washburn & Sharp today at 833-997-1774 for a free consultation with a birth injury lawyer to discuss your case and explore your legal options.
What Causes a Brachial Plexus Injury During Childbirth?
Brachial plexus injuries during childbirth are most often caused by physical trauma during labor and delivery. The most common causes include shoulder dystocia, which occurs when the baby’s shoulder becomes stuck during delivery, causing excessive pulling or force to free the baby.
Another contributing factor is the size of the baby, with larger babies (macrosomia) being more likely to experience brachial plexus injuries. In cases of breech deliveries, where the baby is delivered feet-first, or when the delivery is unusually difficult, there can be increased pressure on the baby’s neck and shoulders, leading to nerve damage.
The use of forceps or vacuum extraction during delivery can also sometimes contribute to nerve stretching or tearing, resulting in brachial plexus injury.
What Are the Symptoms of a Brachial Plexus Injury in Newborns?
The symptoms of a brachial plexus injury can vary depending on the severity of the nerve damage. In mild cases, the baby may experience weakness or limited movement in one arm, often referred to as Erb’s palsy. This condition may cause the baby to have difficulty lifting or rotating the affected arm. In more severe cases, the nerves may be completely torn, leading to permanent paralysis or loss of function in the arm and hand.
Other symptoms may include a limp or “floppy” arm, loss of reflexes in the affected arm, or difficulty using the hand for grasping. In some instances, the injury may affect the baby’s ability to move the arm or hand altogether, which may be a sign of a more serious brachial plexus injury known as Klumpke’s palsy. Parents should monitor their newborns for any unusual signs of arm weakness or lack of movement following birth.
How Is a Brachial Plexus Injury Diagnosed in Newborns?
A brachial plexus injury is typically diagnosed soon after birth based on physical symptoms observed by medical professionals. If the baby displays weakness, limited movement, or lack of reflexes in one arm, doctors will conduct a thorough physical examination.
To confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the injury, additional imaging tests may be required, such as an MRI or ultrasound. These imaging tests allow healthcare providers to visualize the nerves and soft tissues of the neck and shoulder region.
In some cases, nerve conduction studies or electromyography (EMG) may be used to evaluate the function of the brachial plexus and determine the severity of the injury. Early diagnosis is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment plan and monitoring the child’s recovery progress.
What Are the Treatment Options for a Brachial Plexus Injury in Newborns?
Treatment for a brachial plexus injury depends on the severity of the injury and the baby’s age. In many cases, mild injuries will improve on their own with time and conservative care, such as physical therapy to strengthen the affected arm and improve movement. Physical therapy typically begins shortly after birth and focuses on helping the baby regain strength, mobility, and flexibility in the arm.
For more severe injuries, where the nerves are damaged beyond natural healing, surgical intervention may be necessary. Surgery may involve nerve grafts or nerve transfers to restore function to the affected area. The timing of surgery is critical, and it is often performed in the first year of life for the best outcomes. With early intervention and appropriate therapy, many children recover significant function, although some may continue to experience limited movement or weakness in the affected arm.
Why Choose Shapiro, Washburn & Sharp?
At Shapiro, Washburn & Sharp, we have decades of experience representing clients in birth injury cases. As a trusted personal injury law firm, we are committed to holding negligent doctors and healthcare providers accountable for their actions. We represent our clients on a contingency-fee basis, meaning you won’t pay any legal fees unless we win your case.
If you believe negligence caused injury to your child, acting quickly is crucial. Birth injury claims have strict time limits, and waiting too long can prevent you from seeking the compensation you deserve. Contact our office today at 833-997-1774 for a free consultation. We are ready to help you understand your legal options and ensure that your rights are protected.